On the surface level, your comments about "toxic service" and about how various cultural things can reduce the effectiveness of the team as a whole was reminding me of some research at Google I was reminded of recently, which found that the single best predictor of a team's success was the team culture -- above resources or variations in individual skills. (this page seems to be the main reference for that research.) Obviously paid workplaces and volunteer spaces have some important differences, but I wonder if there are details in that research that might be relevant here.